Classroom Behaviour Policy Analysis

Classroom Behaviour Policy Analysis This paper will critically review a Primary schools behaviour policy and practice. In addition, it will address the topic of class room behaviour and how improving this may benefit pupils. Furthermore, how can teachers pre-empt misbehaviour moreover, how can teachers approach the issues of misbehaviour. Furthermore, different theories will be investigated to compare to those being used within the setting. In addition, differences and similarities of global interventional approaches will be investigated. In the conclusion of answering the above questions, a summary will be made to indicate how inclusive learning can be implemented within the classroom environment as well as the role of the educator in these situations. The aims of the policy state that the values and beliefs of the behaviour policy within the workplace suggest that all pupils are encouraged and responsible in displaying appropriate patterns of behaviour and standards of discipline are equal to these patterns. This is accomplished through paradigm, of positive praise and rewards as well as sanctions.ÂÂ  Furthermore, the rationale indicates that it is clear, consistently applied and enforced by all members of staff as a whole setting and community working together. However, the word appropriate is used throughout the policy; no explanation is suggested to the meaning of this vocabulary used within this policy. Furthermore, within this policy which is outdated, only implies what the major offences are and the sanctions that apply to this unacceptable behaviour. This seems to be displaying a negative approach to the dealing with behaviour and therefore not highlighting other unacceptable behaviours that can be displayed by pupils. Within the Primary educational setting rules and procedures are in place for all staff members alike. All staff members are expected that they model correct behaviour by using body language, actions and correct manners of addressing pupils within the class. Each class throughout the setting has class rules as well as whole school rule Golden Rules. These are displayed around the school and visible for all pupils and staff alike. As a result, everyone concerned within the setting should work together and therefore no one should be isolated allowing for full inclusion and a consistent approach. Conversely, this is not the case within practice. This is due the different tolerances of staff members combined with the class rules as these can be seen to give the pupils extra opportunities to display unacceptable behaviour of which is only list half way through the policy (major offences). Furthermore, not all staff although agreed by all staff at the time of publishing follow the discipline procedures therefore, consistence is not obtained by all allowing a weak link and lack of understanding and confusion within the views of some of the pupils (Independent Work Based Research Task 1) Although the WBRT was limited there still seemed to be an underlying issue of what is acceptable behaviour and questions were asked by the pupils regarding why pupils are treated differently although they have displayed the same inappropriate behaviour in accordance with the school rules. Moreover, the pupils indicated that the teaching staff members were inconsistent and did not all use the same strategies. In addition, it has been noted that the use of sanctions seem to be labelled ineffective as staff did not use the sanctions consonantly as stated by one child. The teacher says things and then do not remember to give us punishments so we get away with the bad things we do. Child A Therefore, the rules, sanctions and rewards only work if the consistence remains, (Human Resource Management, Manufacturing Strategy, and Firm Performance Mark A. Youndt, Scott A. Snell, James W. Dean, Jr. and David P. Lepak The Academy of Management Journal Vol. 39, No. 4 (Aug., 1996), pp. 836-866) moreover fully applied at all times by all members of staff. Furthermore, the use of reinforcement together with role modeling and rewards of value to the pupils is essential to behaviour management. A wide range of rewards for positive behaviour can be seen within the policy may imply good practice and inclusion towards both genders yet, can not be seen within practice. For that reason, it may be suggested that the policy is out dated and not in context of the working setting, this is due to the delivery of the sanctions and they are not applied fairly and consistently by all staff. However, planning about behaviour improvement is informed by in house training and the use of statistics and theory to ensure the policy system identifies which matters should be dealt with by classroom teachers and those which require referral to a more senior member of staff. Controversially, numbers of poorly behaved pupils has reduced in numbers, of pupils visiting the Senior Management Team (SMT) in the last twelve months. Indicating higher levels of praise maybe being used to motivate and encourage pupils within the classroom environment. At the same time, pupils are aware of sanctions that will be applied for poor behaviour and what poor behaviour is within the setting as a larger number of classrooms are now displaying behaviour management tips as well as suggestions to support pupils in behaving in the manner that is required within the setting suggested within Steer Report (2005) together with the teachings of Social Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL, accessed 2010). He also said that To enable the most vulnerable or disengaged children to gain full benefit from strategies in behaviour management, schools need the capacity to provide high quality support to the child and to the parents. Without that capacity schools will be unable to meet the aspirations contained within the Childrens Plan. In undertaking the making of the behaviour policy the school should have reflected on the ten aspects of school practice which should be effective, and contribute to the good quality of pupil behaviour and guidelines on how this maybe achieved through the use of positive praise and role modelling. Up until 1988 stood no national policy to state what educators should include within the services they provided (Pugh, 1988). However, nine years later the policy agenda stated that all should be entitle to an education of a high standard; this should include positive role models in behaviour. A consistent approach to behaviour management, teaching and learning need to be in place for all staff member including the school leadership team (Senor Management Team, SMT). Achieving this allows classroom management, learning and teaching to be equally effective when using rewards and sanctions together with behaviour strategies and the teaching of good behaviour displayed by all staff members. In order to achieve this staff should receive regular training and personal development and support to keep in line with Government legislation. This maybe why the numbers of major offences have lowered, suggesting it has taken time to implement the policy and for all including staff to adhere to and practice the strategies needed to achieve the desired outcome of positive behaviour management. Furthermore, pupil support systems such as behaviour mentors working together with the Special Educational Needs Co-ordinator (SENCO) within the school, are having a positive effect also. However, it can be seen within practice that they have different strategies in dealing with behavioural issues. Nonetheless, liaison with parents and other agencies is paramount alongside the managing of pupil transition within the setting whether it maybe into a different class, new teacher or indeed a new school as a result of moving to the area. Pedagogy states that practitioners draw on a range of working theories as well as their own experiences on how children learn and how their teaching can support learning. The underpinning Strategies guidance and advice service share this common understanding whilst indicating and ensuring behaviour management can produce a better continuity and progression at all stages of learning for pupils and staff alike. One theory based on the individual psychology of Adler titled Psycho Educational Theory (Watts Critelli, 1997) attempts to promote positive behaviour. The fundamental belief of this theory is that it ultimately establishes the behavioural patterns of an individual (Arthur, Et al 2006). The theory is based upon positive behaviour promotions through development of self beliefs; therefore, can only change once the negative beliefs become positive beliefs (Arthur et al, 2006). Encouraging pupils to promote positive behaviour can also be achieved by allowing pupils and young people to feel they are valued as individuals within the learning environment (Arthur, et al., 2006). However, this is multi part process; the first enabling pupils to negotiate class rules with clear outcomes. The second part is to develop conflicting resolution techniques. The third part is encouragement aimed at all pupils allowing them to feel valued. Finally, self satisfaction within the pupil, this should be achieved through an individualized plan to meet the needs of each student (Arthur, et al., 2006). However, Curwin and Mendler (1999) would suggest a model of responsibility. The model proposes, welcoming warm environments, clearly defined rules and encouraging conflict resolution skills found within the National Curriculum (2000) within the subject of Personal Social Health Education (PSHE) to be a positive way forward in addressing these issues within the Primary school environment. ÂÂ  Curwin and Mendler (1999) suggest that this is a more difficult strategy and is more time consuming to implement, although believe it to be a worthy strategy as it seems to be more effective with higher achievers. Furthermore, lower achievers respond in a similar way to the higher achievers. Classroom management involving, interactive teaching and the use of cooperative methods of learning enables greater expectations for inclusion moreover, less serious misbehavior as measured by suspensions and expulsions from school. Observational learning is yet another theory which can be implemented to encourage positive behaviour. Practitioners model acceptable behaviour at all times, this is seen to be good practice Kauffman, Et al (2006). Pupils receiving rewards in front of others for acceptable behaviour may also increase the desired behaviour. This can be seen within the enquiry school as within the pupils receiving rewards within class.ÂÂ   In addition, this technique may be effective when minor misbehaviour is evident; one strategy is that an educator can ignore the misbehaviour and therefore, rewarding others for their acceptable behaviour may distract the misbehaving pupil (Kauffman et al., 2006). The final theory for promoting positive behaviour is Rewards Theory (Bandura, 2008), by offering students rewards for positive behaviour, such as table points, house points, raffle tickets or stickers which can be collected (Akin-Little, et al 2004). This theory is evident within the Primary schools behaviour policy as well as practice this is indicated within Independent WBRT Rewards and Sanctions. Where pupils are awarded points which, when totaled, allows them to exchange them for goods in increasing value depending on the amount obtained each term. However, this indicated that the use of this form of reward that collecting some form of token in order to exchange for goods in increasing values appealed to learn and motivated them 70% of pupils to try harder. The other 30% stated that they felt that they learnt and really had no interest in the rewards as the reward they strived for was to gain a good job to support them later in life therefore it was irrelevant. This maybe as the school is situated within a deprived area with a high number of parents whom are illiterate and living on low incomes in this form of society this is common. Furthermore, Ofsted (2009) have recognized this within the inspection report, although they stated; This larger-than-average school is the result of the recent amalgamation and therefore newly built nursery, is included in the schools Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) provision, moreover, is managed by the schools governing body. The majority of pupils are from White British backgrounds. The percentage of pupils eligible for free school meals is well above average. The proportion of pupils with learning difficulties and/or disabilities in well above the national average and includes those with speech and language, emotional and social, and moderate learning difficulties. (Ofsted, 2009) Furthermore went on to state that the pupils behaved well. And provide good quality, relevant extended services and good support, which underpin its work with parents and pupils. Controversially, this does not enthuse all pupils to behaviour in a manner which is deemed acceptable within the classroom environment and therefore other strategy would be put in place of this, following the old documentation Every Child Matters (2009) as treating the children as individuals. However, studies show positive results if this strategy is used correctly as Akin-Little et al (2004) suggested. An overall view is that educators can prevent unacceptable behaviour by raising positive behaviour standards which in turn may assist in reducing misbehaviour as indicated by Moore, Anderson and Kumar (2005). In addition, it maybe that some behaviour can be interpreted as misbehaviour can actually be escape behaviour as pupils may have had confrontation during a period of playtime or indeed before they have entered the school grounds with situations involving parents. If this is not dealt with first then the child may react in this way. However, another cause of unacceptable behaviour maybe that the work set is not set at the correct level and therefore does not engage to pupil moreover misbehaves to avoid the task. Within practice of the workplace Family Liaison Officers (FLO) are available to inform teaching staff of any changes that may affect pupils learning in any form and therefore, can place pupils with the correct strategies in order for them to remain in society and school with full inclusion. Simply by using the extinction theory and therefore, removing any reward or reinforcement, the pupils was receiving for the undesirable behaviour will also obtain the desired behaviour. Response cost punishment is another behaviourism strategy- used within workplace at playtime behaviour this results in the loss of an event or task which is of interest to them, for example a Golden time, free play and even football pitch allowance. Finally, all pupils can be fully included regardless of which strategies are put into place within any educational setting, if theories such as psycho educational and goal-centered theories were in place. This would support individuals needs enabling the pupils to reach their full potential. Greenspan (2005) supports this factor to create an inclusive classroom and therefore would lead to the staff creating the correct environment for pupils to learn at their fully potential. Topping (1983) would agree in suggesting that it is only the consistency in these intervention strategies that modify behaviour and therefore support behaviour management. This could be achieved by providing children with opportunities and pro-social skills that allow them some control over their environment, especially during particularly stressful periods in their lives. Examples include opportunities to master new skills (e.g. in sports or the arts), to work with others on creative projects, and academic situations in which they can make choices for themselves.ÂÂ  However, this can lead to other pupils not reaching their full potential in learning due to unacceptable behaviour of pupils within the same classroom environment as observed within Independent WBRT Rewards and Sanctions that when a child misbehaves in class and the teacher does nothing shows positive behaviour management it can stop pupils from working as they seem not to have been given strategies to deal with distractions within this environment. This is where it would be good practice to follow the policy and give positive behaviour management moreover, be consistent and parents a nd careers need to be informed. As within the policy and believes of the school parents and careers are deemed an important aspect of the school and the childs achievements. Therefore, the enquiry school works and engages with the local community and families to support learning, children tend to succeed not just in school, but throughout life when this takes place. This is seen to be a fundamental approach which aids in lowering unacceptable behaviour. The role of parents and careers is essential in assisting schools in achieving standards of behaviour. They have a duty to take responsibility for the behaviour of their own child and support the schools decisions in dealing with unacceptable behaviour. However this sometimes can be difficult when fighting against parents who do not support this. Therefore, many schools may have in place a parenting contract (Department of Education, 2010). This is an agreement between the parent or career and the school about the child. This can be seen as a punishment, but really it should be seen as a way of working together to help the child. For example this may occur if your child has been excluded for several short periods of time, as a preventive measure of full exclusion therefore, this can be deemed as an intervention to enhance inclusion of a child to prevent a court hearing. However, by working alongside parents and careers as within the work place by offering parenting skills programmes and support for parents who divorce, who are unemployment moreover other stressful negative events that can disrupt their parenting skills. Approaches within the United Kingdom are different at the same time similar to other countries. It can be suggested that many countries seem to deal with unacceptable behaviour before it occurs with intervention programmes. However, studies state this is dependant on the commitment of the staff (Roland, 2000). Controversially, in Hong Kong suspensions and calling of parents is deemed as ineffective and therefore, adopt strategies such as supporting students in developing self-competency, social skills, and good relationships with parents as well as teachers seems to be a useful, very much like the teaching of SEAL (2010), Restorative Justice moreover, Personal Social Health Education (PHSE) in the UK. Typically have strict codes of discipline and the majority of schools adhere to Demerit Points System which is a record of student offences in disciplinary areas within education, and sometimes comments from tutors on whether he or she can graduate. Three points of minor poor behaviour will result in it becoming one major offence any student has accrued three or more major offences, he or she is automatically suspended from school. The point system can be carried forward to later in life and therefore jeopardize future career prospects for that pupil. Within the USA two approaches seem to be used as whole school approaches to address behavioural discipline. School Wide Positive Behavioural Supports (SWPBS), which is an approach to communicate and teach rules (and reward students for following them) and function-based behavioral interventions Horner, et al, (2005) Social Emotional Learning (SEL), the American SEAL from which our derived incorporates approaches that emphasize self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision making (Osher et al,2008, Watson, 2003). These two approaches differ in their primary aims-developing systems to manage student behaviour against developing student self-discipline. These differences are consistent with the difference commonly made between teacher-centered and student-centered approaches to learning and classroom management (Freiburg, 1999). Discipline, in teacher-centered approaches, the main focus is on external school rules and the use of behavioral strategies, especially positive reinforcement and punishment (Skinner, 2002), to manage student behavior. In student-centered approaches, the main focus develops on the students capacities to control behavior, engaging, and trusting relationships. Whereas, SWPBS programs are teacher centered, SEL (American) programs are child centered. Yet, still, the two approaches are very similar: In addition, both highlight preventions regarding unacceptable behaviours as well as the promoting behavioral and social competencies in positive manners therefore decreasing neg ative, unwanted behaviour (Sprague Golly, 2004). SWPBS is not an original approach as many theories and strategies have be combined however, started from the theory of Skinner, (2002). Furthermore, research indicates that schools can gain clear expectations for learning and positive behaviour whilst encouraging a firm but fair discipline procedure through policy and practice (Mayer, 1995). Whereas, SEL is aimed at developing individual qualities, strengths, and social, emotional, cognitive, moreover moral development therefore increasing positive mental health (Berkowitz, Sherblom et al, 2006). A common feature within both strategies is an authoritative approach within classroom management and a whole school discipline approach on supporting teacher-student relationships and student ownership of learning with the use of rewards and sanction in preventing and correcting behaviour problems, which is evident within the workplace through practice however, is unclear within the Behaviour Policy (2008). If unacceptable behaviour continues parents are contacted and the issues discussed, in following LEA guidelines the Head teacher may decide that a childs behaviour, over a period of time, or after a particular isolated incident represents a threat to health and safety standards in the educational setting, or to the educational progress of other pupils in the school. The child may be excluded from school for a temporary period, or permanently. Controversially, WBRT C indicates that within the history of education the tackling of negative behaviour was achieved in schools by the use of corporal punishment. While a child was in school, a teacher took over the role of a parent, (as we still do today but not in such as harsh way) allowing the delivery discipline or rewards. In practice this meant that students were punished with the physical punishment such as the cane, paddle or strap if they misbehaved. The use of corporal punishment within educational settings has now disappeared from most Western countries, including all European countries. However, mainstream schools in most other countries take non-corporal approaches to misbehaviour through the means of detention and suspension. As within the setting the focus seems in practice to be more about promoting positive behaviour through reward systems and the use of policies having been introduced to support this. In addition, intervention programs such as Social Emotional Aspects of Learning (SEAL, 2010) have been brought into Primary as well as Secondary schools to help lower the unacceptable behaviour moreover the amount of exclusions happening within these settings. Inclusion programs such as Youth Inclusion Program (2000, YIP) can clearly be seen to be in place throughout the UK and having a positive affect on pupils of many different backgrounds. This is due to the cohesion of the community approach within the schools working with parents and outside agencies to support this issue of unacceptable or antisocial behaviour. The reasons for changing the behavioural approach is due to the well being of individuals by regaining well-being the ability to function productively in the society can be obtained.ÂÂ  In addition, this can lower the mental health issues that may occur later in life. Within the work place many strategies can be seen to promote positive behaviour some include; Curwin and Mendler (1999) who would suggest a model of responsibility and the Rewards Theory (Bandura, 1994, cited in Huprich, S, 2008). In conclusion, it can be suggested that a whole school approach is needed in order for the behaviour management to be effective. In achieving this it is necessary to work closely with parent and careers in dealing with poor behaviour that affects other from their learning and reaching the childs full potential. By address issues and setting clear sanctions and rewards and reminding the pupils on a regular basis enables intervention programs to work effectively. However, this can only be achieved if the role modeling is positive and effective teaching is also in place. Therefore, schools can play an important role in preventing problem behaviour, particularly when other parts of the community also become involved in prevention efforts. Many of the factors that increase a childs risk for developing behaviour problems affect their behaviour in school and their academic presentations. Social and academic problems in school in turn make it even more likely that early problems will persist and become worse later in life. A number of approaches are useful and therefore used for reducing negative behaviour and preventing problems later within schooling as well as adolescent years. Many of these involve school programs such as SEAL (2010) celebrating positive achievement by working together with families, careers and community members, to reduce the negativity moreover, increase involvement in positive activities that will improve their life skills.

Criminal Law Paper Essay

Maryland v. King, 569 U.S., on June 3, 2013 the United States Supreme Court ruled that it is not a violation of the fourth amendment right by having your DNA swabbed while being booked into a detention facility. And that a simple swab on the inner cheek was no different than taking a photo or being finger printed during the booking process. This case came to be after an individual was arrested and booked for assault and during the booking process the individual had the inner cheek swabbed as part of the booking process as part of Maryland DNA Collection Act (Maryland Act). After this individual DNA was processed per the Maryland Act, the DNA matched that of an unsolved rape from years earlier. Because of the match DNA, this individual argued that his fourth amendment right was violated. What interested me about this case was the taking of the DNA during the booking process. I have always thought that giving a DNA sample was something that was voluntarily given, rather than being forc ed. Or if there was a court order to obtain one’s DNA. I know that many states across the country have been creating laws regarding the collection of DNA from individuals who are involved in the criminal justice system. Some states collect DNA during the booking process, while other states only collect when you are a repeat offender. However, I understand that deterring crime and criminals is the main goal behind these laws and agree that taking this step will cause for individual criminals to think twice before they live a lifestyle of crime. I believe these laws allow for some sort of closure for victims of crimes and feel that justice was done in regards to the Maryland v. King Supreme Court ruling. Criminal liability is something that is needed to prove that the individual being accused is guilty of a crime. Therefore, to ensure that a person is criminally liable the court system needs to prove that the individual did commit the crime being accused of and that the individual  being accused had the criminal mindset to commit the cri me. Accomplice liability is when the court finds an individual criminally liable for crimes that were committed by a different person. If an individual participates, helps, or plays any role when another individual is committing a crime. This individual may be charged as a accomplice to the crime. Because of the nature of the Supreme Court case that I selected neither criminal liability nor accomplice liability pertained to this case. This case was about an individual who’s past caught up with him, after thinking that he got away with rape. During this case the individual never denied guilt for the rape but argued his rights were violated by the state law, which I feel was used as a tactic to get out of the sentences that was imposed by the court. The elements of a crime are the facts that need to be proven in order to find the accused guilty of a crime. Before an individual is found guilty of a crime, the prosecution must show the This evidence must be credible and sufficient eno ugh to prove without a doubt that the accused did in fact commit a crime and that each of the elements of the crime exists. There are three major elements of crime that are considered during this process. Mens Rae is when the mental elements of the accused are looked at as it relates to the intent of committing a crime. The defendant’s state of mind during the crime can be used to prove or disapprove the intent of the crime. Actus Reus is a criminal act or an unlawful confession of an act. Basically an individual who is accused must profess their guilt of committing a crime. An individual cannot be found guilty of thinking of committing a crime. Concurrence is the combination of Mens Rae and Actus Reus when they happen at the same time. The criminal intent must go alongside the criminal act, or be connected some way to the crime. Actus Reus and Mens Rae do not directly relate to the case that I selected. It is my opinion that occurrence is the best fit for my case. In my opinion for an individual to commit a crime of rape intent is always present and the individual who is accused never denied the c harges against him, but rather that his fourth amendment right had been violated. References: Supreme Court of the United States, Maryland v. King June 3, 2013 retrieved August 10, 2014 from http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/12pdf/12-207_d18e.pdf Freeman, C.G. (2013). Supreme court cases of interest. Criminal Justice, 28(1), 46-49. Retrieved August 10, 2014 from http://search.proquest.com/docview/1353616933?accountid=458

Pathos in the film “City Lights” Essay

Charlie Chaplin’sCity Lights, subtitled â€Å"A Comedy Romance in Pantomime,† was released in 1931. Chaplin was responsible for the film’s production, direction, editing, music, and screenplay. City Lights is a combination of pathos (an emotion of sympathetic pity), slapstick and comedy. In the film City Lights Chaplin uses pathos in the scenes â€Å"Flower Girl†, â€Å"This Time Stay Out† and â€Å"Still Hoping†. The first example of pathos in City Lights is in the scene â€Å"the Flower Girl.† In this scene he enters and exits a parked limousine in a traffic jam to avoid a motorcycle policeman where he then confronts a beautiful blind girl selling flowers. She hears the limo door slam and assumes he is a millionaire. She asks him to buy a flower; he is infatuated with her and gives her his last coin for a flower. She then thinks he has left because she hears another limo door slam. Without asking for his change, he sits silently on the bench and watches her adoringly. While she changes the water for her flowers at the fountain, she accidentally throws a bucket of dirty water in his face. When the Flower Girl goes home that evening she dreams of more visits from him. The next example of pathos is in the scene â€Å"This Time, Stay Out.† During this scene the little tramp goes to the millionaire’s mansion in the limo the millionaire gave him when he was drunk, but the millionaire has sobered up, and doesn’t remember the little tramp and wants nothing to do with him. The Tramp is forced out of the house by the butler at the front door and walks away disappointed. Then, in the millionaire’s limo, he trails a man down the street waiting for him to throw out his cigarette. He has to fight off another bum for cigarette butt once it is dropped. The final example of pathos is in â€Å"Hope is Rewarded.† The little tramp has just got out of prison and because of the tramp’s generous contribution nine months earlier the girl and her grandmother now own a flower shop and the girl has had her sight restored with an operation. Defeated by the prison experience, the little tramp slowly walks along the town’s streets looking for the flower girl at her normal sidewalk location. A millionaire enters the flower shop to purchase flowers, and the girl hopes that her savior has  returned to reveal himself. She tells her grandmother: â€Å"†¦I thought he had returned.† Just outside the flower shop, a newspaper boys’ peashooter pesters the tattered tramp, her real savior. When he bends down to pick up a discarded rose in the gutter one of the boys grabs a piece of his shirt hanging out of his pants and tears off a piece and holds it up. The Little Tramp snatches it back and chases the boys then fol ds up the cloth and wipes his nose with it. The flower girl was watching and giggling through the flower shop window. When he notices the girl through the shop window, he is filled with joy and he smiles at her. She then makes an ironic comment to her grandmother: â€Å"I’ve made a conquest!† â€Å"The film’s most simple, moving, eloquent and poignant finale is filled with melancholy and pathos†(City Lights Review, Tim Dirks pg. 3). The Tramp tries to avoid her, she then stops laughing and pities him. She calls him back and in a sympathetic act of charity, offers him a flower to replace the wilting one he picked up from the gutter; she also offers him a coin. When she takes his hand, she recognizes who he is with her acute sense of touch. She realizes that he is the mysterious patron. At first, she appears dismayed because he looks completely different from what she dreamed about. The Tramp becomes excited when she accepts him for who he is. The Little Tramp put aside his own interest and feelings to accommodate others; he sacrifices his own happiness by providing the one gift, which will deny his own fulfillment. In the Scene â€Å"The flower girl† pathos is shown when the blind girl thinks he is a millionaire just because she hears the limo door and hearing another door shut she believes he has left. Then, in â€Å"This Time Stay Out† you feel pity for the little tramp once he is kicked out of the millionaires house because the millionaire is sober and he follows a stranger to get a cigarette butt. Finally in the last scene â€Å"Hope is Rewarded† the blind girl feels pity for the little tramp and wants to help him in the same way he felt pity for her and wanted to help her in the beginning.

Social Welfare Past and Present Essay - 1325 Words

Social Welfare Past and Present Social welfare is an expansive system proposed to maintain the well being of individuals within a society. This paper will explain the progression from the feudal system and church provisions for the poor before the Elizabethan Poor Law to the gradual assumption of the responsibility for the poor by the government. A responsibility assumed not out of humanity and concern for the poor, but as a process of standardizing the ways in which the poor were to be managed. The history of social welfare reflects differences in values as they relate to social responsibility in taking care of the needy. Our society has been influenced by values like Judeo-Christian humanitarianism and the economic doctrine of†¦show more content†¦Social welfare in Colonial America was nonexistent, because of this charity was heavily relied on since there was no government policy to provide for the poor. A carry over from England was the establishment of almshouses or workhouses provided by indoor r elief. This fit in well with the Puritan work ethic of the colonists. The next important period in the history of social welfare was the time between the Revolutionary and Civil Wars. It was during this time that a shift to outdoor relief occurred. Work relief programs and in-kind benefits now provided aid. Also during this time the voluntary sector rose and the emphasis was put on charitable institutions. It was in the large cities during the 19th century that various organizations were established to lessen the suffering of the poor. One of these organizations was the New York Society for the Prevention of Pauperism (1817), which used visitors to assess and respond to the needs of the poor. Another such organization was the Association for Improving the Condition of the poor (1843). 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The Civil War Is The Deadliest War Of American History Essay

The Civil War is the deadliest war in American History. Between 1861 and 1865, over 600,000 brave souls lost their lives at nearly 10,500 battles. By the end of the war, there were nearly 200,000 African-Americans that fought on the side of the North, with 80 percent recruited from slave states (Half Slave and Half Free, 240). Wars are fought over irreconcilable differences. There may not be one specific cause. Directly or indirectly, slavery was intertwined in many of these differences and the physical conflicts that arose between the North and South. The moral versus practical issue of slavery evoked the passion necessary to unify the people to persevere through the great hardships that were to come. During the years leading up to the American Civil War, passionate people grab and hold attention of thousands. The issues surrounding slavery brought out strong emotions. Passionate people wrote, give speeches and acted in support of their beliefs in the face of adversity. Some well-known examples that addressed slavery and inspired others include William Lloyd Garrison publishing â€Å"The Liberator† in 1831, Eli Lovejoy dying for the cause of emancipation in 1837, John Quincy Adams arguing that the â€Å"gag rule† violated the constitutional rights of petition, even for slaves in 1837, Harriet Beecher Stowe writing Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1853, John Brown raiding Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1855 and George Fitzhugh proclaiming in the book â€Å"Cannibals All!† that all wage workers in theShow MoreRelatedThe American Civil War1364 Words   |  5 Pageshorrific war began. Nobody had any idea that this war would become the deadliest war in American history. It wasn’t a regular war, it was a civil war opposing the Union in the North and the Confederate States in the South.. The Civil War cost many people’s lives on the battlefield and beyond. 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Dealing with Society Edna Pontelliers Battle with Social...

Dealing with Society Edna Pontelliers Battle with Social Class Edna Pontellier, the main character in Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening, is a woman trying to form her own identity, both feminine and sexually, in the repressive and Victorian Creole world of the latter nineteenth century. She is met by a counterpart, Mademoiselle Reisz, who is able to live freely as a woman. Edna herself was denied this freedom because of the respectable societal position she had been married into and because of her Presbyterian up bringing as a child. The role that Mademoiselle Reisz played within society, a society that failed to view her as being a truly respectable social member, was quite opposite to that of Edna’s respectable position in†¦show more content†¦Such social etiquette involved a woman being consistent in â€Å"her ‘duties’ to her husband, her children, and her ‘station’ in life† (Chopin 121). This â€Å"station† is a much smaller term to display a much larger idea for social et hics. It is in this that Edna comes to odds against and struggles with, especially when she realized â€Å"her position in the universe as a human being†¦[recognizing] her relations as an individual to the world† (Chopin 14). The â€Å"relationship† was being that of a subordinate to the male. Mademoiselle Reisz’s station was among that of Victorian society, but with the tragic flaw that it was only by stature and not by divinity. She was in the social order, but without the beliefs that everyone felt someone of her stature should have To broaden this example, Mademoiselle Reisz is much like President Clinton, in the broadest of sense, because Clinton is among the elite in society. Clinton does not truly have the respect, authority, or admiration of his peers, compared to such a President as Ronald Reagan; this example holds true to Mademoiselle Reisz as well. Like a car alarm going off, most everyone notices it, most everyone ignores it. Those women of the lower class were considered below the Victorian order and any diversions, of either men or women, from their set societal positions were overlooked as being done because of a lack of refinery. The broad onset of the way the Victorian class felt towardsShow MoreRelatedGender in Literature Essay2083 Words   |  9 Pagesstereotypical society and rebel against them that can peak curiosity within a reader. There are people in the world who believe that they alone in their thoughts or actions; they can find common ground- or inspiration through a character. These outcasts are the ones that trigger emotions within the audience, ranging all over the emotional spectrum: from anger to shock to envy. Many authors, especially those who lived and wrote during times of repression of groups and urges for social change, wroteRead MoreEssay on The Importance of Point of View in Kate Chopin’s Fiction3285 Words   |  14 PagesThe Importance of Point of View in Kate Chopin ’s Fiction The impact of Kate Chopin’s novel, The Awakening, on society resulted in her ruin, both literary and social. Reviewers called it vulgar, improper, unhealthy, and sickening. One critic said that he wished she had never written it, and another wrote that to truly describe the novel would entail language not fit for publication (Stipe 16). The overwhelming condemnation of the entire book rather than just Edna’s suicide seems surprising

Discrimination against Women in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: What is being done in Australia to decrease gender discrimination against women in the workplace? Answer: Introduction Workplace discrimination against the women is prevalent and found to be the major issue in Australia. Hence, it is suggested that in Australian workplaces, there are different institutions working on gender pay gap where women continue receive 17.5% less in the average weekly earnings than men. There is some under representation of the women in the leadership positions in the public and the private sectors. The gender gap is set with the retirement income and the savings which includes how the children, people with the disabilities are there due to frailty. This question will investigate about what is being done for the decrease of workplace discrimination in Australia. There are some of the evaluated measures that have been taken by the Government of Australia which are discussed below. Workplaces could be a key setting to prevent any violence against the women but there is a need of prevention program where the report focus on 15 workplaces and the organizations from the corporate, community and the recreation. It has been seen that workplaces are contributing towards improving the gender equity but has not been able to cover the pay gap of 17.9%. The individual staff and the managers need to be trained for the signs to respond appropriately to the women, and refer to support services only. The example is like how CEO Challenge Australia and White Ribbon Workplace Accreditation Program is working with the employers to raise the awareness through proper staff training along with the practical change in the policy like the leave for domestic violence. (Australian Human Rights Commission, Annual Report 2011, 2012). To make a move, it is suggested that the National Employment Standards work on the protection from the grounds of discrimination with the setup of the fami ly and better responsibilities for the women and men, in regard to employment. (Australian Government, Department of Human Services). Hence, programs like Gender Equality project are becoming popular in the workplaces for the women inorder to decrease the gender discrimination ad to raise awareness of the gender basing with the transformation of the structural barriers. The evaluation is based on how the programs are tailored for the workplace. For example, to ensure the prevention activities, the organizations like Darebin City Council have worked on appointing a dedicated position to oversee the work. (Australian Government, 2013). The success of the decrement in the gender discrimination could be evaluated through the survey from the staff with planning all the prevention activities and promoting equity, respect across the race, sexuality and the ability. The equity in the private sector, in 2011, with ASX Corporate Government Council works on the implementation of the diversity policy which requires to list the companies and then set a particular target based on the report of the explanations. (Fair Work Ombudsman) The ASX is based on the increase of the senior executive management positions with the oversight of the progress. The report from KPMG has been able to evaluate the gender pay gap improvement which includes the skills, experience, edu cation level and the tenure. There has been a shift in the global conversations with the issues related to the change in attitude for the pay equality. The important development is for the equal remuneration along with encouraging the Australian Government to expand the right to request to a broader range of workers. Conclusion There are different organizations which need to work on holding and stopping the treatment of the gender equality as an issue rather it should be considered as a birth right for every individual. The gender equality in education and at work allow the society to work with the full human potential in a productive manner. (Australian Government, 2013). Australia is working on the women education and how it is possible for them to increase the womens economic participation with better workplace opportunities. The major challenge is about the lack of workplace, flexibility or the inequity in pay which leads to the less number of women who works on career potential mainly due to the social and the structural limitations. References Australian Human Rights Commission, Annual Report 2011 (2012) p135. Athttps://humanrights.gov.au/about/publications/annual_reports/2011_2012/index.html Australian Government, Department of Human Services, Paid Parental Leave Scheme for Employers. Athttps://www.humanservices.gov.au/business/services/centrelink/paid-parental-leave-scheme-for-employers/ Australian Government, Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, Paid Parental Leave: Dad and Partner Pay. Athttps://www.fahcsia.gov.au/our-responsibilities/families-and-children/programs-services/paid-parental-leave-scheme/paid-parental-leave-dad-and-partner-pay Fair Work Ombudsman, Flexible Working Arrangements. Athttps://www.fairwork.gov.au/employment/flexible-working-arrangements/pages/default.aspx Australian Government, Fair Work Act amendment broadens right to request workplace flexibility, 13 February 2013. Athttps://deewr.gov.au/news/fair-work-act-amendment-broadens-right-request-workplace-flexibility